While the Athenians built a fleet of Trireme warships, this city-state took 300 of its Hoplite soldiers along with a few thousand other Greeks to Thermopylae to hold the much larger Persian army when Darius’ son Xerxes had launched a 2nd invasion in 480 BC

First issued in 1215 to control the excesses of King John, the would be revised and reissued for years as a way of making sure the King and Queen of England were subject to the law

The greatest king of the Achaemenid Persian empire, who was responsible for the most expansion of territory and is mentioned favorably in the Old Testament was this man.

After the Athenians had meddled and instigated the failed Ionian Revolts against the Persians, King Darius attacked Greece in 490 BC but was defeated at by a combined Greek army, with an Athenian soldier running the 26 miles back to the city to tell them of the victory

During the transesterification of triglycerides to biodiesel (methyl esters) with methanol and NaOH, what is the active species attacking the  C=O bond in the triglycerides?

The double bonds in natural unsaturated plant fatty acids are always and have number of carbons.    

The two  lactic acid molecules on the left are starting a polymerization reaction with the goal to produce long chain PLA. What is missing in that box on top of the arrows? What problem would you expect for this reaction and how would you adress it?

Softwood lignin has more 5-5 bonds than hardwood lignin and it harder to degrade. a.) why does softwood linin have more 5-5 bond? b.) why does that make it harder to degrade the lignin? 

Three different lignin monomers are present in different amounts in different biomass types.  What would be present in hardwoods? If you do not remember the names, try to describe the monomers.

What group of biomass components do this type of molecules belong to? What are they (general name of this molecule)?