A therapist applies a hot pack to the low back of a patient diagnosed with chronic low back pain.  Which patient position would most accelerate the rate of heat transfer?

A therapist tests a small area of skin for hypersensitivity prior to using a cold immersion bath.  The patient begins to demonstrate evidence of cold hypersensitivity within 60 seconds after cold application.  The most appropriate response is to __________.

Acute inflammation conditions, such as tendinitis and tenosynovitis, are most effectively treated with:

The non-thermal effects of ultrasound include all of the following except:

If a patient is hypersensitive following a trans-metatarsal amputation, which of the following modalities would be the most beneficial to this patient to decrease hypersensitivity?

Which therapeutic modality would be contraindicated on a 15 y/o patient with patella-femoral pain?

Commercial cold packs remain semi-solid when kept at _____ so the pack conforms to body contours.

During the application of a vapocoolant spray, the therapist should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A frail 75y/o female diagnosed with a right hip intertrochanteric fracture eight weeks status post open reduction and internal fixation with a metal plate and pinning.  The patient currently has pain with hip flexion and abduction.  Using a hot pack is an acceptable modality for this patient.

Heating an area of the body generally causes vasodilation locally, and to a lesser extent in areas distant from the site of application.  This distant response can result in a decrease in cerebral blood flow enough to cause a patient to faint during the application of thermotherapy.  The appropriate response from the PTA treating the patient would be to: