The objectives of an alliance are more difficult to achieve when there is a greater number of joint activities, equity cross-holdings and cross-functional coordination.

Whereas Netflix’s original DVD-by-mail subscription service represented a (an) _________ innovation; Toyota’s just-in-time production system represented a (an) ________ innovation.

The greatest risk facing center-for-global innovation is market insensitivity.

In the 1970s, Nobel economist Milton Friedman advocated all of the following behaviours by MNEs, except:

Transformative MNEs are sensitive and responsive to the problems and the needs of the developing world but the freedom of these MNEs to lead broad-scale efforts to deal with their root causes is often limited by governance issues and the need to generate profits.

Entering collaborative relationships with other firms is one way for firms to meet the needs of an increasingly complex environment.

A (an) _________ is a person who creates new businesses for the purpose of gain or growth under conditions of risk and uncertainty.

According to our textbook, many Japanese MNEs like Sony became world-class competitors by embracing center-for-global innovation.

All of the following forces are contributing to the complexity and diversity encountered by MNEs in the 21st century, except:

Globally linked innovations involve processes designed to ensure that the special resources and capabilities of each subsidiary are globally available to other units of the organization.