Are you in favor of establishing more wilderness areas in the United States (or in the country where you live if you happen to live outside of the USA)? Explain. What might be some drawbacks of doing this? Hint: State at least two pieces of evidence/reasoning from our discussions and the chapters we have read this semester to back up your claims.

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to:

In which of the following clinical scenarios is Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) LEAST likely to be urgently initiated?

To be useful, a social capital resource must be cognitively activated and behaviorally mobilized.

A 74-year-old male with a history of prostate cancer is admitted to the hospital with progressive back pain which has progressively worsened over the past weeks. It is suspected that the patient has spinal cord compression secondary to vertebral metastasis.  Common assessment findings associated with spinal cord compression are:

A 38-year-old male with multiple enterocutaneous fistulae and chronic malnutrition on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is admitted to the ICU with lethargy and hypotension. His medical history is significant for Crohn disease requiring multiple bowel surgeries. Soon after arrival in the ICU, he starts seizing and exhibits tetany. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities is MOST consistent with this presentation?

A patient is experiencing hypercalcemia and has developed renal calculi. What is the affect on the phosphate level in hypercalcemia?

A 73 year old female presents to the emergency department after complaining of fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and loss of appetite with a noted hemoglobin (Hgb) 8.8 and hematocrit (HCT) 28%. The most important blood test to first order for this patient to evaluate for anemia is:

Is the human species a keystone species? Explain. If humans were to become extinct, what are three species that might also become extinct and what are three species whose populations would probably grow? Why? State at least two pieces of evidence/reasoning to back up your claims.  

A 54-year-old female with breast cancer is brought to the emergency room with progressive confusion, anorexia, constipation, weight loss, and weakness. Vital signs are temperature 36.7°C, BP 94/57 mm Hg, HR 87 beats/min, and SaO2 96% on RA. On examination, she is drowsy but easily arousable and oriented to person. Her neurologic examination is otherwise unremarkable. Lab studies are notable for a creatinine level of 1.78 mg/dL (baseline 0.8 mg/dL) and serum calcium of 13.7 mg/dL.  What is the most appropriate initial treatment?