Different groups of organisms have different life cycles. Below are descriptions of three life cycles; identify the group characterized by the life cycle described. multicellular diploid individuals produce spores; spores divide and grow into multicellular haploid individuals; multicellular haploid individuals produce eggs and sperm; fertilized eggs divide and grow into multicellular diploid individuals multicellular diploid individuals produce eggs and sperm; a fertilized egg will develop into a diploid individual two multicellular individuals fuse their cytoplasm, but the nuclei remain separate; at some point the nuclei fuse and then the cells divide and give rise to haploid spores that can disperse and grow into new multicellular individuals In life cycles that show sexual reproduction, meiosis always produces .

A person with type O blood receives a transfusion of type A blood.  What would happen following this transfusion?

Which of the following is an example of a constitutive chemical defense?

An organism is discovered that uses inorganic materials for energy and carbon dioxide as a carbon source. This organism would be classified as a . Of the following groups, this organism is most likely to be a(n) based on its energy and carbon source.

A research team is studying frogs in the Southeastern United States. They find that in one area, male frogs produce either a low-pitched call or a high-pitched call. Females use the calls to identify mates, and show strong preferences for a particular type of call. A female who prefers a low-pitched call will mate only with males who produce that call, and will not respond to high-pitched calls. Females who prefer high-pitched calls will only mate with males who produce high-pitched calls.  This is an example of . If the researchers classify the two groups as separate species, they are applying the species definition.

For each of the interactions below, choose the correct option from the drop-down box. Answers presented in the drop-down boxes may be used once, more than once, or not at all.  A fungus grows in root cells that are specialized for storing starch. It is making use of the plant’s tissue. A spittlebug feeds on a plant by inserting its mouthparts into the tissue that transports water and soil nutrients. It feeds on that liquid. The spittlebug is tapping into the plant’s . A parasitic plant inserts specialized structures into another plant’s vessels that transport sugar. The parasitic plant is tapping into the plant’s . A termite feeds on the central growth rings of a tree trunk, breaking down the cellulose of the cell walls. The termite is feeding on . An aspen leaf miner feeds only the cells on the very exterior a leaf, including the guard cells. The insect is feeding on the of the plant.

Suppose that Santa’s reindeer come from a large herd of reindeer. Like many other relatively large mammals, the reindeer produce few offspring at a time, but invest heavily in providing resources and parental care to each offspring. Which population growth curve would Santa’s reindeer be predicted to have? 

This question uses the same tree as the previous one. A. would have evolved at point H since they are characteristics that unify the animals as a group.  B. Identify the point on the tree where each of the following appears to have originally evolved. Hint: this has to do with the features that characterize groups of animals, and is a question about animal diversity and features. growth involves shedding an exoskeleton or hard outer covering embryos are triploblast embryos show deuterostome development (second opening in the gastrula becomes the mouth) C. Which of the groups in the tree is characterized by the following features? Choose the correct group based on the features described. generally asymmetrical, only tissue type present is epithelial body plan consists of a visceral mass, muscular foot, and mantle endoskeleton, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, and muscular post-anal tail paired jointed appendages, exoskeleton contains chitin D. Humans belong to the group .

Answer the following based on the diagrams above and your knowledge of competitive interactions. When competing with black spruce, white spruce’s realized niche is than its fundamental niche. When competing with white spruce, black spruce’s realized niche is than its fundamental niche. Over many generations, we would expect that .

What best explains why there are deserts at 30 N and 30 S of the equator?