In “errant” polychaetes, what are the parapodia used for?

Mock Exam Paper 2_23.01.2026-1.pdf

An “epitoke” is the asexual stage of a sedentary annelid that turns into a sexual stage called an “atoke.”

All members of the Class Anthozoa have a form as adults, whose gastrovascular cavity is divided internally by an arrangement of paired and unpaired .  

All members of the Class Anthozoa have a form as adults, whose gastrovascular cavity is divided internally by an arrangement of paired and unpaired .  

Cnidarians have a well-defined head along with radial symmetry

In the Digenean trematodes, the redia stage is used to asexually increase the number of infective larvae.

Cnidarians have a well-defined head along with radial symmetry

Write down three reasons why so many freshwater clams are endangered in the United States.   

Cnidarians are a relatively recent Phylum that only appears in the fossil record after the end-Cretaceous extinction event.