Darius sees a little girl fall on train tracks and sees that…

Darius sees a little girl fall on train tracks and sees that she is badly hurt. The only thoughts and motivation in his mind were to ease the pain of the girl and get her to a hospital. Joe jumps on the tracks and gets her to a hospital. The mayor ends up giving Joe a key to the city for his bravery and he is showered with praise. What best explains Joe’s motivation for helping?

On a busy highway, it is clear that a motorcyclist is hurt a…

On a busy highway, it is clear that a motorcyclist is hurt and is laying on the highway injured. People may be unlikely to help because they assume that someone else has already called for help and as a result they do nothing. This lack of response could be due to