During hemorrhage: A) baroreceptors → B) sympathetic and C) parasympathetic} → D) venous vasoconstriction → E) venous return → F) atrial pressure → G) EDV Indicates increase or decrease from A) to G) A) B) C) D) E) F) G)  

During muscle contraction, what will happen to the light band?

Which spinal nerves do the patellar reflex function through?

Describe isovolumetric ventricular contraction in five steps.

One of you has smoked cigarettes for years and is having breathing difficulties. He/She has been diagnosed with emphysema. Describe specific kinds of structural changes you would expect to observe in this student (2 points). How are air flow (2 points) and gas exchange (2 points) affected by these structural changes?

Name one cause for hyporeflexia.

A student has joined a weight loss program. As part of the program, he/she regularly submits a urine sample which is tested for ketones. He/She went to the clinic today, had his/her urine checked, and was confronted by the nurse who accused this student of “cheating” on his/her diet. How did the nurse know this student was not following his/her diet? (5 points)

What does silver nitrate test for?

Your best friend has a positive response to Hoffman’s reflex. Which tract has been injured in your best friend?

Describe ventricular ejection in three steps.