Which of the following is the best description for an abnormal neurological testing result?

A 70-year-old man complains of a dull, aching, constant mid back pain that has been increasing over the past two days. He notes he is nauseous and dizzy. The pain is aggravated by general activity, but no particular posture or movement of the trunk increases or decreases the pain. Following your history, you take the patient’s vitals and get:Right pulse rate (radial pulse): 140 bpm, irregular rhythm, 4+ forceSpO2: 96%Blood pressure: 160/110 mmHg Based on the findings, what first order decision is most appropriate for this patient?

Lumbar spinal precautions typically include:

Case Scenario: The patient is a 29-year-old male with a 2 week history of pain in his right calf. They note increased calf pain with prolonged sitting and lumbar flexion in standing, and decreased calf pain and increased low back pain with standing and repeated lumbar extension in standing. They have a positive SLR on the right. The patient is performing the exercise in the attached picture by bending their elbows to slowly return to prone and repeating. Based on this patient’s presentation, which additional intervention is MOST likely to be indicated for his plan of care?

Your patient has dominant lower extremity pain. You are attempting to determine if the pain has a radiating component from the lumbar spine. Which of the following BEST rules out the diagnosis of lumbar radiculopathy?

A 67-year-old woman presents with acute low back pain following lifting a moderately heavy box. She reports severe pain rated 8/10, difficulty standing upright, and a history of long-term corticosteroid use for rheumatoid arthritis. Which combination of findings MOST strongly increases the likelihood of a lumbar compression fracture?

You are evaluating a 74-year-old patient for chronic low back pain and bilateral leg pain (right > left) that is worse with walking. As part of a thorough, broad to narrow examination you perform history, systems review, and tests and measures. In systems review, you identify a directional preference for flexion as the patient notes an improvement in leg pain with repeated lumbar flexion. The patient has a positive slump and SLR bilaterally. When you get to special tests at the end of your exam, you select to perform prone instability test, thigh thrust test, and Well’s straight leg raise test. Prone instability is positive, Well’s SLR is negative, and thigh thrust is negative. Based on the above information, the MOST likely diagnosis is:

An assessment that is both sensitive and specific to help rule in and rule out low back pain with radiating pain/radiculopathy is:

A 45-year-old patient presents with severe low back pain, bilateral lower extremity weakness, and difficulty walking. During the examination, the therapist becomes concerned about possible cauda equina syndrome. Which of the following findings is considered a clinical sign that most strongly indicates this condition?

Which of the following variables is not as meaningful in differentially diagnosing hip joint from lumbar spine pain?