An epidemiologist wants to investigate the research question, “How does vaping affect the risk of chronic bronchitis among teenagers?” What study design would provide the strongest answer to this research question, keeping ethical limitations in mind? 

True or False: In a cohort study design, selection of study participants is based on the outcome of interest, while, in a case-control design, selection is based on exposure status.

In order to study the characteristics of a rare tick-borne disease among Wisconsin residents, a research group at UW-Madison is collecting reports describing individual cases of the disease that have occurred from 1990 to 2019. This is an example of what type of descriptive study?  

True or False: A randomized clinical trial testing the effect of a new medical device in real world conditions is evaluating effectiveness.

Which of the following is an advantage of a cross-over design randomized controlled trial vs. a parallel arm design?

A study finds US counties with a substantially high proportion of women than men have, on average, higher mortality rates than counties with relatively lower proportions of women. A newspaper publishes an article on the study with the title “Women have high rates or mortality than men.” This is an example of:

14. What is the PRIMARY principle guiding pediatric palliative care?

4. A nurse is collecting data on an 18-month-old toddler at a wellness visit in the health care provider’s office. During the appointment, the nurse asks the parent about developmental milestones. The parent states that the toddler has not said their first word yet. Which of the following actions by the nurse is accurate?

16. What is the MOST important factor influencing a child’s psychosocial adjustment to chronic illness like cancer?

1. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to the parent of a 7-year-old child who has manifestations consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which of the following statements should the nurse make regarding the screening and diagnosis of ADHD?