Which of the following is NOT one of the 7 parts of an Emergency Action Plan?

Muscles, tendons, and Fascia are typically injured due to what type of force?

Which Kingdom exhibit organisms that can photosynthesize?

Which domain features organisms that all have a cell nuclei?

What event occurred at the end of the Paleozoic era?

When the Earth formed, it’s condition can best be described as:

Earth’s first atmosphere contained little or no:

Upload your answers to these questions. Outline the synthesis of the ketone body, acetoacetate, which forms in the liver under fasting conditions. It is formed in three steps. Include all substrate and product names and structures, enzyme names, and any necessary cofactors or coenzymes. (5 pts.) For the last step in the synthesis of acetoacetate, draw the arrow pushing mechanism for the reaction and identify which reaction in glycolysis it is parallel to. (3 pts.)  Ketone bodies are exported from the liver and utilized as an energy source by the extra-hepatic tissues. The brain, which normally utilizes glucose as its energy source, can, under fasting conditions, partially convert to using ketone bodies over the course of a few days. Show how a molecule of the ketone body, -hydroxybutyrate, produced in the liver and exported via the blood to the brain, is utilized for energy production and what advantage this compound has over acetoacetate in terms of cellular energy production. You may use compound names instead of structures. Enzyme names are not necessary. Include any necessary cofactors for full points. (3 pts.) 

Because the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood is lower than that in active muscle tissue, oxygen will naturally diffuse into muscle cells to help support their activity.

Upload your answers to these questions. Show how a molecule of palmitic acid (16:0) that has entered a muscle cell is tagged or prepared for β-oxidation in the cytosol. Write out the reaction. Include substrate and product structures, a general enzyme name, any intermediates, and all necessary cofactors. Cofactor abbreviations are OK. (4 pts.) Acetyl-CoA is a key metabolic intermediate. Write out the reactions that take one molecule of the tagged palmitic acid (16:0) in the matrix and release one molecule of acetyl-CoA. Give the generalized enzyme name or reaction type that describes each reaction in the pathway (dehydrogenase, hydratase, synthase, etc.), along with the name of the final enzyme that results in the formation of acetyl-CoA, as well as any intermediates and required cofactors or co-reactants. (5 pts.)