The symbols +, -, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, – denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes where individuals are not affected by interacting. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned. What interactions exist between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots?

Which of these is NOT one of the conservation ethics?

What is the purpose of a swim bladder in fish?

On a tree, where would the vascular tissue be found?

The hypothalamus detects fluctuations in temperature. The receptors on it are known as thermoreceptors. Skin also possesses thermoreceptors which can detect the temperature of the external environment. This information is relayed to the hypothalamus which can in turn transmit nerve pulses for corrective mechanisms to occur. If you are HOT, sweating and vasodilation occurs. If you are COLD, vasoconstriction and shivering occur. In extreme cold, blood flow to extremities decreases in order to protect internal organs. This is an example of:

Purple loosestrife is a beautiful, long-stemmed wetlands species brought to the United States from Europe as an ornamental plant. In the U.S. it has no predators and out competes another species of wetland grass, Cattails, which is a valuable resource for many species. This is an example of:

blue cheese.jpg  Which fungal phyla includes spore shooters and sac fungi, including black truffles, yeast, and Penicillium roqueforti (the fungi responsible for the distinctive flavor of blue cheese)?

What is unique about adult amphibians’ respiratory system?

Disease that regularly affects animals in a particular area or at a particular season.

Living host of a virus without causing the host harm.