The Robust n. Archopallium (RA) area of bird brains is roughly equivalent to primary motor cortex in humans.  It receives inputs from the HVC and the LMAN that contribute to distinct aspects of song production. Consider the contributions of these inputs to RA activity and singing behavior by addressing the following questions: (5 pts) How is birdsong encoded by the activity of individual neurons in RA? How would inactivation or damage to RA affect a bird’s ability to learn or generate a good song? (5 pts) What are the behavioral effects of silencing/inhibiting LMAN in juvenile birds, and what does this suggest about the role of LMAN inputs to RA? What would you expect to be happening to the activity of RA neurons during song when LMAN is silenced, and why? (5 pts) What are the behavioral effects of slowing down (via cooling) activity in HVC in adult birds, and what does this suggest about the role of HVC inputs to RA? What would you expect to happen to the activity of RA neurons during song when HVC is cooled, and why? (5 pts) What are the behavioral effects of inhibiting activity (via GABA receptor agonism) in HVC in adult birds, and what does this suggest about the role of HVC inputs to RA? What would you expect to happen to the activity of RA neurons during song when HVC is inhibited, and why?

Which of the fixatives causes a different chromatin pattern for cytology fixation, complicating diagnoses?

Digital image analysis is widely used for the analysis of Pap smears

For diagnostic molecular testing, what is the optimal total fixation time (including time in the processor)

In polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, DNA is amplified in a two step process.

The endomysium is a network of connective tissue surrounding

A widely used stain for cytology is:

Use the correct word in the sentence below.    The boy _________________________ d his little brother by taking away his toy.

Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences below.  The words are in bold in the reading. “Multitasking” in the reading means:

A monochronic person has great respect for the privacy of others and rarely borrows anything, while polychronic people are always asking to borrow things and may even willingly authorize access to personal information. Always concerned that a question might be a disturbance, the monochronic prefer to painstakingly search for an answer to a dilemma instead of interrupting a work session to knock on a colleague’s door. Information is gradually accumulated and actively sought in a patient, subtle way while for the polychronic, information is probably already there somewhere amongst the piles of projects in progress in front of the person.  Write a Summary (1 sentence):