Select True or False for each statement below. 1) Both PCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) use a droplet generator. 2) ddPCR involves partitioning the sample so that PCR is done on a single DNA molecule (on average) whereas PCR uses a sample with many DNA molecules. 3) ddPCR uses primers and PCR does not use primers.

The same haplotype block on six different homologous chromosomes from the population is shown below. The five SNPs in this block are genotyped on each chromosome; the rest of the DNA sequence (…..) is identical between the chromosomes.   1) How many different haplotypes can you see? 2) Which combination of SNPs could be used as TAG-SNPs to identify the haplotype found in in this haplotype block?

Down syndrome is a developmental disorder usually caused by an extra 21st chromosome (Trisomy 21).  In other words, most people with Down syndrome have three 21st chromosomes, rather than two. A study in 2011 examined early developmental pruning of retinal ganglion cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Below is a figure from this paper: Which conclusion could you derive from this figure:

What is the genetic variation in the Huntingtin gene that effects disease risk and disease severity in Huntington’s disease?

Normal Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary?

The AV Node is the heart’s original ‘pacemaker”.

___________ refers to the thickness of blood components that resists flow, and affects vascular resistance:

Calculate Mean Arterial Pressure from a diastolic pressure of 121 mm Hg and a systolic pressure of 208 mm Hg:

Which part of the intrinsic conduction system delays the impulse briefly before it moves on to the ventricles (HINT–it also can act as a secondary pacemaker of the heart)?

The closing of the semilunar valves: