A voluntary agreement between two or more private persons that facilitates the exchange of property or services, and which is given weight when it can be legally enforced, is called a

Outsider strategies for interest groups looking to increase their political influence or meet their policy goals could include which of the following?

The Federal Reserve has the power to change the interest rate at which banks lend money to each other through a process called

19.  The Boy Scouts of America recently adopted a policy allowing youth membership regardless of sexual orientation.  Assume the Boy Scouts of America decide to reverse that position and prohibit youth membership based on sexual orientation. What is the most likely outcome based on U.S. Supreme Court precedent if the Boy Scouts’ reversal is challenged in court?  

24.   Which of the following statements is most accurate with respect to the “secondary effects” doctrine?

Thousands of American interest groups vie for attention as best they can, often competing against one another, with the idea being that this will help produce the best policies through balance and compromise. The idea behind this concept is called

12.  An Army Commander issued a written military order preventing service members from wearing clothing in support of the #MeToo movement while on base, even in areas where service members are traditionally allowed to wear civilian clothing.  The stated purpose of the order was to prevent the exacerbation of tensions between male and female service members while on base.  Assuming a group of service members files suit against the order, what is the most likely result based on U.S. Supreme Court precedent?

3.  A state program granted assistance to health care clinics that target expectant mothers.  Some of the clinics participating in the program were affiliated with religious institutions. When parents choose a religiously affiliated clinic, the clinic is provided a slightly larger amount of reimbursement than when parents choose a non-religiously affiliated clinic. If the non-religiously affiliated clinics sue the state, what is its strongest argument?

Popularly known as “Obamacare,” ________ was created and designed to ensure that tens of millions of Americans who could not afford health insurance would have access to at least basic coverage. It also expanded Medicaid.

9.  The State of California passed a law that prohibited any speech that is “destructive of the Peace” and another law stating that “unprotected speech is forbidden.”  Which statement most accurately describes the constitutionality of these two statutes?