The following are adverse effects of morphine except: (1)1.       Weight loss2.       Sedation3.       Constipation 4.       Respiratory depression 5.       Difficulty with micturition

The following drug may be used in treatment of opioid overdose: (1)1.       Naloxone2.       Carbocisteine3.       Methionine4.       Flumazenil5.       Acetylcysteine

Match the following drugs with their appropriate adverse effects below. Each adverse effect may be used more than once or not at all. (5)

The mechanism of action of atropine is as follows: (1)1.      Inhibits the actions of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in a reduced pulse2.      It inhibits the vagus nerve action on the heart and improves the cardiac conduction system to increase the heart rate3.      Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II 4.      It binds to the angiotensin II receptor to inhibit angiotensin II action5.      It binds to the androgen receptor and so inhibits aldosterone action

Answer the following: (i) What are the names of the two atrioventricular valves of the heart and what are their functions? (ii) Describe the events that occur in the heart during the early phase of ventricular systole (Isovolumic Contraction). (iii) What is EDV? (iv) During Isovolumic Contraction is blood volume in the ventricles greater, equal to, or less than EDV on average. Explain your answer.  

A 24 years old male patient is on isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for his tuberculosis (TB) treatment. One month after treatment initiation, he started complaining of difficulty reading the newspaper. The following drug is causing decline in his vision: (1)1.      Rifampicin2.       Isoniazid3.      Ethambutol4.       Rifabutin5.      Pyrazinamide

A 9 years old male patient is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The following treatment is appropriate for this patient: (1)1.   Metformin2.   Glipizide3.   Insulin4.   Pioglitazone5.   Repaglinide

Three EKCGs are indicated by the traces below. Match each with the most likely medical diagnosis (choose the single best diagnosis for each)

Propranolol is contraindicated in: (1)1.             Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 2.             Cardiac arrhythmias3.             Symptomatic management of anxiety states4.             Asthma5.             Angina pectoris

A 37 years old man presents with diarrhoea and gastrointestinal bleeding. Eggs of Schistosoma mansomi are found in the stool specimen. The most appropriate treatment for this patient is: (1)1.       Praziquantel2.       Fentanyl3.       Ivermectin4.       Paracetamol5.       Hydrochlorothiazide