Internet security software that requires periodic updates and annual product upgrades is considered a pure service on the goods-services continuum.

Firms that practice homeshoring experience the benefit of reduction in the use of energy and other natural resources thereby decreasing their impact on the environment.

Retail outlets are the contact points between the channel members and ultimate consumers.

Brand preference is the stage of brand loyalty at which consumers rely on previous experience with a branded product when choosing it, if available, over competitors’ products.

Mass merchandisers usually provide the same depth of assortment as a department store within each product line.

Lysol sanitizing wipes entered the market at a low sales price and was supported by heavy couponing. As the initial trial period passed, the pricing slowly rose and the couponing became more infrequent. This activity is an example of penetration pricing.

Markup can be expressed as a percentage of the total cost of the product or the selling price.

A promotional outlay for a family brand benefits all items in the line.

The most effective testimonial ads link the celebrity and the advertised good or service.

Cooperative advertising campaigns originated to take advantage of the media’s practice of offering lower rates to local advertisers than to national ones.