Renee is not fond of reading, but for each book she read her…

Renee is not fond of reading, but for each book she read her teacher gave points that could be exchanged for a variety of things she liked. At a certain point in the school year, the teacher decided that reading should be intrinsically reinforcing by now, and discontinued the point system. The fact that Renee subsequently read less probably is an indicator of

Mr. Goldstein decides to give his students points, usable fo…

Mr. Goldstein decides to give his students points, usable for extra free time, when they raise their hands and wait to be called on. He discovers that more students raise their hand and fewer students blurt out answers when he awards points than when he does not. This finding seems to show

You are scrolling through a news app and stop to read an art…

You are scrolling through a news app and stop to read an article that says flu season is here and it will be particularly bad this year. After reading the article, you immediately head out to buy a pack of disposable masks and some hand sanitizer. Heading out to the store after reading the article exemplifies