You are building a purchase management system for company XYZ. The company has several vendors and purchase orders. Each vendor has several purchase orders or none and each purchase order is assigned to one vendor. Which of the following diagrams best represents this scenario?

Extra Credit Section: Guidelines and Encouragement You have the opportunity to earn extra credit by completing one or more of the following questions. However, please note the following requirements: Eligibility: You may only attempt these extra credit questions if you have meaningfully attempted all five main exam questions. “Meaningfully attempted” means you have provided thoughtful and detailed responses for each main question, even if you are unsure of some answers. Time Restriction: You may only begin working on extra credit questions after 60 minutes have passed from the start of the exam. This ensures you focus your initial effort on the main questions. Effort and Clarity: Your responses to extra credit questions should be thoughtful and clearly written. While these questions are shorter and more creative, they still require focus and effort. Scoring: Each extra credit question is worth the points indicated; partial or no credit may be applied, depending on the quality of your answers. Points earned will be added to your final exam score as a bonus. Choose Wisely: You are not required to answer all the extra credit questions. Select the ones you find most interesting or feel most confident about. Extra Credit Questions The Power of Nature Emerson, Thoreau, and Melville each write about the relationship between humans and nature in different ways. Choose one author and describe how their view of nature might apply to a contemporary environmental issue.(3 points) What’s in a Name? Hawthorne, Poe, and Melville often use symbolic names or titles in their stories. Choose one story (“The Minister’s Black Veil,” “The Fall of the House of Usher,” or “Bartleby, the Scrivener”) and explain the significance of the title. How does it enhance the story’s meaning?(3 points) The Role of the Outsider Many characters in this semester’s readings (e.g., Bartleby, Dana, or Rip Van Winkle) are outsiders in their societies. Choose one character and explain how their role as an outsider influences the story’s themes.(3 points) Make the Connection Think about the themes of resistance in both Thoreau’s “Civil Disobedience” and Butler’s Kindred. How might these two works speak to one another? What would Thoreau say about Dana’s time-travel experiences?(3 points) Design the Cover If you were designing a modern book cover for Kindred or Bartleby, the Scrivener, what image or symbol would you feature? Briefly describe your design and explain why it captures the essence of the story.(3 points) A Letter to the Authors Write a brief letter to any author we’ve studied this semester. In your letter, share your thoughts on their work—what you admired, what challenged you, and what questions you might ask them if given the chance.(5 points) Historical Playlist Create a modern playlist of three songs that you think capture the themes of Kindred, “The Minister’s Black Veil,” or “Bartleby, the Scrivener.” List your songs and briefly explain how each connects to the story.(5 points)

A company could have zero or more others as subsidiaries, which in turn could have zero or more others as subsidiaries and so on. Each company is a subsidiary of zero or one company. Which of the following diagrams seems most appropriate to model this?  

Students learn subjects from instructors. For example, Student John Doe learns Chemistry from Dr. Kimmel. This means that each student could be in zero or several classes (taught by several instructors and on several subjects); Each instructor might be teaching zero or several classes (for several students and on several subjects); and each subject might be in several classes (taught by several instructors and attended by several students. Which of the following diagrams correctly represents this?

How many required attributes does the following entity type have?

Given the diagram below, choose the most appropriate statement about the total number of attributes in the Player and Team entity types respectively;

Imagine a national museum is creating an exhibit on American literary history and is considering a prominent section dedicated to Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. You’ve been asked to write a proposal explaining why Emerson and Thoreau should (or should not) be featured as central figures in the exhibit. In your response: Discuss the key contributions of Emerson and Thoreau to American literature. What makes their works significant? Highlight how their ideas reflect or shaped the American identity and values. Make a case for their continued relevance today—or argue why their influence may be overstated. Your response should be organized into three clear sections: literary contributions, influence on American identity, and modern relevance (or lack thereof). Be specific and persuasive in your argument. Tips for Answering This Question Start with Literary Contributions: Think about Emerson’s role as the father of Transcendentalism and his essays like “Self-Reliance” or “The American Scholar.” Reflect on Thoreau’s Walden and “Civil Disobedience” as examples of his influence on individualism and resistance to injustice. Explore Their Influence on American Identity: Consider how their works promote ideas like self-reliance, the value of nature, and questioning authority. How do these ideas tie into broader themes in American history and culture? Make a Case for Modern Relevance: Highlight current events or cultural shifts that connect to their ideas (e.g., environmentalism, social justice, minimalism). If you think their influence is overstated, argue why their ideas may feel outdated or less relevant today. Be Specific and Persuasive: Use specific examples from their works or ideas to back up your argument. Take a clear stance: Are they essential to American literature, or do they occupy an outsized place in its history? Use Your Time Wisely: Spend 20-25 minutes on this question. Outline your argument before you write, and leave time to review your response. Evaluation Criteria (30 Points Total) Literary Contributions (10 points) Did you clearly and accurately explain the key contributions of Emerson and Thoreau? Did you use specific examples from their works? Influence on American Identity (10 points) Did you explore how their ideas reflect or shape American values and identity? Did your response show an understanding of their cultural impact? Modern Relevance or Critique (10 points) Did you make a thoughtful case for their continued relevance—or explain why their influence is overstated? Did you connect their ideas to modern issues or movements effectively?

A car has exactly one engine. Each engine could belong to one car or none. Select the correct diagram from below that is consistent with this description. Select only one.      

Based on the following diagram, what is the number of optional attributes in the two entity types? Consider the implicit and explicit ones.

From the diagram below, indicate how many customers does a payment correspond to. You can infer this even though there is no direct relationship between these entity types.