Which of the following situations would be CONTRAINDICATED for the use of electrical stimulation?  In the area of

A physiological justification for using a hot pack to increase range of motion of the lumbar paravertebral muscles due to muscle spasm is

Dx: Acute Ankle SprainPMH: 30 year old female with Raynauds diseasePT Goal: Decrease pain and edemaPT POC: Agents to meet PT GoalWhat is the BEST action by the PTA?

A PTA is setting the ultrasound parameters for a patient with acute ankle sprain near the lateral malleolus.Goal: decrease pain and edemaPlan of Care: Non-thermal ultrasound to the lateral ligamentThe BEST parameters to meet the goals of this patient care: 20 % duty cycle,

Which of the following is a physiological effect of the use of cold as a thermal agent?

Which of the following is NOT an effect of UV radiation?

A patient had an ankle sprain 2 months ago and continues to have moderate edema, but no erythema or heat to the area. Edema is limiting ROM and causing pain. The BEST thermal modality to address these issues is:

During an ultrasound treatment with the following parameters a patient complains of a prickling sensation: 3 MHz, 100 % duty cycle, 0.5 W/ cm2What is the BEST response by the PTA?

Cellular activity and the non-thermal effects of ultrasound are a result of all of the following EXCEPT:

Upon checking the hydrocollator unit the PTA notices that the unit is not getting hot.  The hydrocollator is plugged in, the breaker is operating normally, and the switch is turned ON.  What is the FIRST action the PTA SHOULD take?