Your goal is to promote relaxation of the right upper trapezius in a patient with tension-type headaches using 2-channel biofeedback. You place both electrodes/channels on the upper trapezius with an “Above Tone” goal on both channels (i.e. a sound is heard if muscle activity exceeds the set threshold). Which of the following changes will increase the difficulty of achieving the biofeedback goal in this patient?

What basic parameter is being modulated to provide the final waveform in IFC?

When using electrical stimulation for treating musculoskeletal pain, which of the following goals is most supported by evidence?

Which treatment parameters below would be best for treating inflammation with iontophoresis?

Amplitude is synonymous (i.e. the same) as which of the following pulse characteristics?

Which of the following is false for NMES electrode selection and placement?

For which indication is the use of microcurrent most supported?

Which of the following properly match the decision-making criteria for determining when to use NMES for muscle re-education?

Which NMES parameter listed below is most directly related to muscle fatigue during a given treatment session?

Which is true regarding muscle retraining using functional electrical stimulation (FES)?