In the conflict between the Ottomans and the Safavids, cities such as Baghdad were the key battlegrounds because

Violent slave rebellions along the Atlantic seaboard were rare in comparison with the Caribbean or even Brazil because

In 1527, Mughal Babur’s army defeated a Hindu Rajput force that hugely outnumbered them with the help of

The geisha, private entertainers for Japan’s wealthiest men, were

In North America, racial codes and covenants were most rigidly enforced in regions

In early modern Europe, one in _______ women died in childbirth.

By the early eighteenth century, Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and England’s other mid-Atlantic and southern colonies were home to huge, export-oriented plantation, focused first on

The system that divided the Spanish colonies into a “republic of Indians” and a “republic of Spaniards” was intended to

The final sultan of Aceh was deposed in 1699 after

Women were treated as inferiors under Ottoman rule; they had ___________ to divorce than women in most early modern European societies.