Recent research has shown that some Rho utilization sequences (rut sites) can also double as a distinct Nus utilization sequences (nut sites) in some bacterial RNAs (i.e. these sequences overlap substantially). This has led to the hypothesis that NusA, which appears to compete with Rho for RNA binding at these rut+nut elements, may act to inhibit the action of Rho until transcription has appropriately progressed. Select the most logical outcome of each hypothetical perturbation.   Mutating the overlapping rut+nut encoding element in a gene such that only Rho can bind will most likely cause . Mutating the overlapping rut+nut encoding element in a gene such that only NusA can bind will most likely cause .

Extra Credit (0.5 pts each): The SERCA pump transports 2 Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum in exchange for to the intracellular fluid. Identify the name of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat LEMS

Extra credit (0.5 pts each):  Identify one major cause of hitting a plateau in strength training programs Identify the focus of a training program that would be best for building muscle power

Part 1 completed in class.

Accoring to Freudian Psychology, which of the following is the rational self that negotiates between the pure desire and pure repression?

Type Chinese characters and complete sentences to answer the question. Question: 今天几月几号（日）？ Answer: according to your actual situation.

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka is most known for doing what?

Type Chinese characters and complete sentences to answer the question. Question: 昨天天几月几号（日）？ Answer: according to your actual situation.

This ill-fated attempt at overthrowing the Communist government in Cuba relied on arming and transporting dissidents back to Cuba.

You discover a new regulatory pathway that modulates a fungal defense mechanism in an obscure bacterial group. Given the roles of the different RNAs and proteins described below, select the most logical outcome of each condition or manipulation. Funk1 (Fungus killer 1) is a secreted defense peptide that causes rapid cell death in Penicilium fungi (who secrete penicillin). miRNA2 is a micro RNA that facilitates Funk1 translation by base pairing within the 5′ untranslated region, preventing the formation of a hairpin that otherwise blocks the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Fureg (Funk1 regulator) is a protein that binds miRNA2 in the absence of penicillin molecules. If penicillin is present in trace amounts and binds Fureg, this changes Fureg conformation such that it releases miRNA2. Penicillin is an antibiotic that is naturally produced and secreted by fungi in the genus Penicilium. (They secrete it to kill bacteria because they compete with bacteria for resources).  Fureg proteins, Funk1 mRNA, and miRNA2 molecules are all constitutively expressed and are normally present in equal numbers in these bacterial cells. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A mutation is introduced into miRNA2 such that it can no longer bind Funk1 mRNA. This should result in . A mutation is introduced into the Funk1 gene such that the Shine-Dalgarno sequence is in-tact, but the 5′ UTR hairpin can no longer form. This should result in . Experimental overexpression (100x dose) of miRNA2 should result in . A mutation is introduced to the gene encoding Fureg such that it can no longer bind miRNA2 in any condition. This should result in .