Explain how the lungs are able to expand and contract even though they contain very little muscle.

This question is for extra credit. There is no penalty or loss of points for skipping this question or for a wrong answer. This question is worth 2 bonus points. Points are based on detail. When talking about viruses, how does using hand sanitizer help protect you? (What does it do to the virus?)

37.    Damage to the inferior colliculi of the corpra quadrigemina of the mesencephalon would interfere with the ability to? a.    express rage, fear, anger, sexual arousal, thirst and appetiteb.    produce dopamine and result in Parkinson’s Diseasec.    predict the consequences of our future actionsd.    reflex react bright lights such as those caused by fireworkse.    react to loud noises such as thunder and a gunshot 

6.    What collagen structure anchors the filum terminale inferiorly and prevents vertical movement of the spinal cord? a.    coccygeal ligamentb.    cauda equinac.    denticulate ligamentd.    rootlets e.    foramen magnum

8.     White matter within the spinal cord makes up? a.    unmyelinated & myelinated neuronsb.    myelinated neurons & the gray hornsc.    tracts, columns, fascicules, gray hornsd.    dorsal roots, ventral roots, and spinal nervese.    myelinated neurons, tracts, columns, & pathways 

34.    A person with a damaged occipital lobe will be able to do all of the following, EXCEPT? a.    taste normally and know what they are tastingb.    smell normally and know what one is smellingc.    voluntarily move all skeletal musclesd.    see normally and know what one is seeinge.    have normal general sensations of pain, pressure, temperature, touch & vibration  

12.    The spinal cord is approximately 18 inches long in adults even though the vertebral column is longer. WHY? a.    the spinal cord stops growing at the cervical enlargement by age 4b.    there are only 26 spinal nerve segments but 31 vertebraec.    the spinal cord ends at vertebrae S1-S2, but the vertebral column extends to L1-L2d.    the vertebral column stops growing at age 4 but the spinal cord continues to grow e.    the spinal cord stops growing at age 4 but the vertebral column continues to grow  

3.    Spinal reflexes involving both or opposite sides of the spinal cord are?  a.    contralateralb.    bilateralc.    ipsilaterald.    patellar reflexese.    all of the above  

15.  Which statement below, regarding spinal taps of CSF, is FALSE? a.    the sub-arachnoid space containing CSF is the common site for spinal tapsb.    the epidural space containing CSF is the common site for spinal tapsc.    L3-L4 and L4-L5 are common sites for this process since the spinal cord is not touchedd.    the cauda equina between L3 and S1 can be anatomically involved in this processe.    spinal taps removing CSF are frequently used for diagnostic reasons  

2.    Proceeding inward from the outermost layer, which is/are a correct sequence? a.    epidural space, dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, spinal cordb.    epidural space, dura mater, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, pia mater, spinal cordc.    epidural space, dura mater, subarachnoid space, arachnoid, pia mater, spinal cordd.    dura mater, subdural space,  arachnoid , subarachnoid space, pia mater, spinal corde.   b & d