A 68 year-old patient with lower back pain has x-ray evidence of bilateral narrowing of intervertebral foramen at L5-S1, causing nerve root compression and bilateral lower extremity radiculopathy.  The compression is MOST related to:

A 75 year-old man is observed to have limited hip extension range of motion bilaterally with gait at normal walking speed. The hip flexors are determined to be tight bilaterally.  What effect will this range of motion limitation MOST likely have on his step length?

A snowboarder who sustained a displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus three weeks ago is wearing a removable hard plastic elbow splint for her PT appointment. The physical therapist’s treatment plan is somewhat vague and calls for “A/AROM.” Which of the following is MOST likely a part of the treatment today?

A PTA is reviewing the chart for an upcoming patient on their schedule.  The PT’s evaluation notes that the thoracic spine has excessive kyphosis.  Of the following, which muscles are MOST likely to be tight and in need of stretching with this patient?

A patient who has injured their knee playing basketball comes to PT with a severe valgus knee deformity.  The soft tissue injury you would expect is:

A physical therapist assistant is working with a patient with low back pain, and observes that step length is significantly short bilaterally.  Which of the following is MOST likely to be true about this patient’s gait?

Normal ROM for mandibular depression is:

Rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction usually involves exercises to improve lower extremity proprioception.  Which of the following would be considered appropriate dynamic proprioceptive exercises in a sagittal plane?

A 23 year-old college student has been receiving physical therapy for B TMJ pain.  The PT asks the PTA to collect data about the patient’s TMJ range of motion.  Of the following, which would be considered abnormal (excessive or reduced) TMJ AROM?

Special tests are used to help a physical therapist determine the PT diagnosis for a patient.  Which of the following examples IS accurate about common special tests and their interpretation?