The prisoners’ rights era of the 1970s gave way to the “due deference” era of today, where courts are more apt to defer to prison officials.

A juvenile has been arrested for vandalizing a Burger King. He and his friends tore up some landscaping, threw rocks at the marquee (breaking glass panels), and spray-painted graffiti. As part of the diversion process, he has accepted the opportunity to meet with the restaurant’s owner for a mediation session. The probation officer leading the meeting suggests a penalty that involves an apology and a schedule of work to be performed at the restaurant. In addition, the offender agrees to attend counseling to assist him with personal issues. All agree to the plan. Addressing the personal needs of the offender in this scenario is justified via which ethical system?

Reciprocity is Sykes’s term for when officers become indebted to inmates and return favors.

Probation officers have the power to send noncompliant probationers to jail or prison to serve the remainder of their punishments.

Which of the following about probation is FALSE?

Ex parte conversations are a way of avoiding the perception of bias.

In some states, consensual sex between a correctional officer and an inmate is a felony because inmates are presumed not able to give full consent.

According to the text, only approximately 1 percent of investigations into attorney misconduct result in disbarment.

The ethics of care is consistent with restorative justice.

Prevention goals of punishment (deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation) are consistent with: