In the 1440s, among the first profits the Portuguese derived from their maritime exploration and returning ships came from which commodity?

The eighth-century controversy that set the Latin and Greek Orthodox Christians apart was over which of the following?

All of the following occurred during the reigns of the five “good emperors” EXCEPT for what?

How is the Peasants’ War of 1524–1525 best described?

Trade and commerce in the early Empire is best described how?

The power of the Capetian monarchy was strengthened by the emergence of which institution?

Which Jesuit missionary propagated Christianity in India, Malacca and the Moluccas, and Japan?

Which of the following is NOT true of industries in fifteenth-century Italy?

The reforms of Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus had what effect?

Why did the mainland states of Southeast Asia have better success in resisting European encroachment than did the Spice Islands and Malay states?