The width of attached gingiva is determined by subtracting the sulcus depth from the total width of keratinized gingiva.  

Which of the following layers of subgingival plaque activates the host response resulting in the most destructive processes seen in periodontal disease?

The acquired pellicle in dental plaque is composed of:

A variety of species and quantities of bacteria can be detected in the gingival crevice and are easily associated with varying degrees of disease activity. Therefore, the presence of a highly motile bacterial population and an increase in white blood cells suggests potential for disease.

Mature dental plaque can be described as:

A bacterial plaque sample taken from a healthy mouth would show which of the following:

Stage IV or the advanced stage of gingivitis is still a reversible stage of the disease.

Which of the following is not a red complex or high risk pathogen?

In the vascular reaction to inflammation, vasodilation is followed by margination of leukocytes. Later in the process, after an increase in vascular permeability, neutrophils pass through the vessel wall (migration) into the area of inflammation.

Which element will likely form an ion with a +3 charge