When a process is in the _________ state it is in secondary memory but is available for execution as soon as it is loaded into main memory

The set of pages (or segments) of a process that are currently in real memory is generally referred to as the __________ .

The four main structural elements of a computer system are:

Available chunks of memory are known as ___________

Memory is generally divided into __________ which may be all the same size or different sized and are allocated to store rocesses.

Where / how does the operating system keep track of details for each process?

Assume we are dealing with a system that places processes in memory following a dynamic partitioning scheme. At some point in time we have just loaded a process that needs 42 KB of memory. Memory space is as depicted below. Shaded regions are full, blanks are holes (with sizes in Kbytes as indicated). The darkly shaded region (black) is the process most recently loaded. Indicate where a new process requiring 42Kb of memory will be positioned if the placement policy is: (Responses may be used more than once)1. Best-fit, 2. First-fit, 3. Worst-fit,4. Next·fit.Each placement is independent of the others.

Message passing involves two operations. They are and .

Small, fast memory located between the processor and main memory is called:

A ________ occurs when multiple processes or threads read and write data items so that the final result depends on the order of execution of instructions in the multiple processes