A 50-year-old female with a family history of breast cancer is found to have a mutation in the BRCA1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene.  What is the most likely consequence of this mutation? 

A 50-year-old male presents with numbness and tingling in his ring and little fingers. He reports that his symptoms are worse when he leans on his elbow or bends his arm for extended periods. Physical examination reveals a positive Tinel’s sign at the elbow.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

How can cancer-causing viruses contribute to cancer development? 

A 35-year-old male presents with knee pain and swelling after twisting his knee while playing soccer. He reports a sensation of the knee “locking” and “giving way.” Physical examination reveals joint line tenderness and a positive McMurray test.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A patient with seasonal allergies experiences symptoms upon exposure to pollen. What is the sequence of events leading to these symptoms? 

A patient is infected with a bacterial pathogen. Which cells present antigens to CD4 T cells to initiate an adaptive immune response? 

What is a common degenerative disease that affects the knee joint? 

A 60-year-old female presents with bone pain and frequent fractures. Laboratory tests reveal elevated levels of calcium in the blood. Imaging studies show areas of bone resorption.  What is the most likely cause of her symptoms? 

A 7-year-old girl presents with headaches, vomiting, and difficulty walking. MRI reveals a mass in the posterior fossa.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A patient with a bacterial infection shows an increased number of neutrophils at the site of infection. What process is responsible for this increase?