Costochondritis is an inflammation over ribs 2-4 that is often idiopathic as well as common in rowers.

The bony opening known as the mental foramen is located in which of the following bones?

The pars stress reaction most commonly occurs:

All below are extrinsic risk factors for sports injury/illness except for:

Name the posture below:  

The two most common types (Wiltse classification) of spondylolesthesis that you will see in an athlete are:

Match the root level with the appropriate dermatome

A 60 year old recreational female athlete who has been diagnosed with osteoporosis is experiencing too much activity of these bone cells:

According to the Kendall manual muscle testing scale, if the best that the athlete can do is move through the full motion and hold the position against gravity, the MMT score would be a:

List and define the scores on the DTR scale and  explain the causes of hypo and hyper reflexia.  (6 points). Lastly, explain the Babinski test. How is it administered and what does this test tell you (1 pt)