According to the psychoanalytic perspective, the ___ develops as a result of incorporating within the personality the moral standards and values of parents, community, and significant others.

While the debate is ongoing, the link between PMS and crime is considered_____

Locking gates, and putting unbreakable glass on storefronts are examples of crime discouragers.

Rational Choice theory has roots in the ____school of criminology developed by the Italian social thinker, Cesare Beccaria.

“Awareness space” indicates that which crime is rational?

The fact that  a crime is offense-specific means that criminals must decide if they have the personal needs, skills, and prerequisites to commit a successful criminal act.

Social strata are created by the unequal distribution of wealth.  While the upper-clas is exceptionally well-to-do, ____people in poverty in America.

If more criminals are sent to prison, the incarceration rate should go down.  This is referred to as:

If the punishment for a crime is increased and the effectiveness and effeciency of the criminal justice system are improved, then the number of people engaging in that crime should decline.

Minority and white group members are equally likely to be poor.