MULTIPLE CHOICE:  Research shows that a given culture’s cognitive patterns will align with the ways that its members use to perceive, categorize & remember. For example, persons living in cultures with little formal education tend to remember information based on its ________. (Remember that placemat I told you about!)

Experimental research designs include clinical, in vitro, and case control.

Using the table above, answer the following questions: a. Is the colorectal cancer risk reduction for case control studies on nuts significant? Explain. b. Which dietary component has been studied the most with regard to colorectal cancer? c. Cohort studies on garlic suggest what % risk reduction for colorectal cancer?

In a clinical trial with a small sample size, researchers will often use the _________ design, which statistically doubles the data for each participant.   

What type of study design may have a ‘wash out’ phase. Explain.

Saundra is part of a team that will be running a large cohort, longitudinal study. The study will enroll several thousand participants over the course of 5 years, and then follow them through late adulthood. The research team hopes to find an association between diet and development of Alzheimer’s disease. Saundra is tasked with developing the part of the protocol that will outline diet collection. What diet collection tool is Saundra most likely to choose? Explain your answer.

P2026 – Which type of fiber cleans your intestines and colon and is associated with a reduced rate of colon cancer?

TB2020 – Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about Trans or Hydrogenated fats?

Roberto is working with a researcher who is interested in the potential connection between chromium and development of type II diabetes. Roberto has an idea for a study design that will help them to move forward with this project. Which of the following study designs do you think Roberto should pose to his supervisor. Why? How would Roberto set up the study? case-control animal study cross-sectional longitudinal

Which of the two studies below is qualitative and which is quantitative? Explain your answer using examples from each study. Study 1: Objective: To investigate associations of the dietary share of ultra-processed foods (UPF) with the overall diet quality of First Nations peoples. Design: An analysis of data from the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study, designed to contribute to knowledge gaps regarding the diet of First Nations peoples living on-reserve, south of the 60th parallel. A multistage sampling of communities was conducted. All foods from 24 h dietary recalls were categorized into NOVA categories and analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of UPF on diet quality. Setting: Western and Central Canada. Subjects: First Nations participants aged 19 years or older. Results: The sample consisted of 3700 participants. UPF contributed 53·9 % of energy. Compared with the non-UPF fraction of the diet, the UPF fraction had 3·5 times less vitamin A, 2·4 times less K, 2·2 times less protein, 2·3 times more free sugars and 1·8 times more Na. As the contribution of UPF to energy increased so did the overall intakes of energy, carbohydrate, free sugar, saturated fat, Na, Ca and vitamin C, and Na:K; while protein, fibre, K, Fe and vitamin A decreased. Diets of individuals who ate traditional First Nations food (e.g. wild plants and game animals) on the day of the recall were lower in UPF. Conclusions: UPF were prevalent in First Nations diets. Efforts to curb UPF consumption and increase intake of traditional First Nations foods and other fresh or minimally processed foods would improve diet quality and health in First Nations peoples. Study 2: Objective: To investigate the child nutrition concerns of Aboriginal families with young children attending Aboriginal health and early childhood services in Victoria; training needs of early childhood practitioners; and sources of nutrition and child health information and advice for Aboriginal families with young children. Method: Needs assessment involving consultation with Aboriginal parents of young children aged 0-8 years attending Aboriginal health and early childhood services, and early childhood practitioners from Aboriginal health and early childhood services in urban and regional Victoria. Focus groups were conducted with 35 Aboriginal parents and interviews conducted with 45 health and early childhood practitioners. Thematic analysis was used to generate and then refine distinct, internally consistent common themes from the data. Results: The most frequent issues identified were low levels of breastfeeding, inappropriate introduction of solids, reliance on bottles, sweet drinks, and energy-dense foods, poor oral health and overweight. Concerns about staff training and capacity, and access to maternal and child health services were also common. Conclusion and implication: This study identifies major gaps in service delivery for Aboriginal families with young children and points to the need for a coordinated, culturally responsive systems approach to providing support for breastfeeding and child nutrition advice and support for Aboriginal families, including capacity building for staff, and supportive systems and policy.