Totally Optional Question You have the opportunity to earn up to two extra points towards your score on this quiz. If there is something that you studied and knew well, but feel that it was not represented on this quiz, explain that concept or experiment or theory in four to five complete sentences. Note, please explain only one concept in full. Do not list a series of facts or different concepts. It is not sufficient to tell me you knew the concept, you have to explain the concept to me correctly to obtain additional points.

What is the reason that Bisclavret disappears for three days each week and the reason that his wife refuses to share his bed?

Some psychologists argue that because of environmental conditions during the times of our ancient ancestors, humans are better able to make judgments based on information presented as _____ than as _____.

Dual process theories of belief bias in syllogistic reasoning claim that:

Research on decision-making indicates that participants:

Dual process and dual systems models of reasoning (and higher-level cognition in general) state that we can use one of two systems when reasoning. These are Type I processes which are ____ and Type II processes which are ___. 

Work with the cognitive reflection test has led to a tripartite model of reasoning. This tripartite model:

There were a number of important cities in the medieval Islamic empire. Which of the following was not one of them?

The probabilistic approach to abstract versions of the Wason card selection task claim that: 

When reasoning with conditional statements containing abstract rules, people endorse the four possible conclusions at different rates.  Below, the names of the four possible conclusions are listed. Rank the frequency with which each conclusion is endorsed by selecting the appropriate rank from the drop-down menu (most endorsed, second-most endorsed, third-most endorsed, least endorsed). When selecting from the drop-down, use each option only ONCE.