Willem de Kooning’s work titled Woman and Bicycle shows a pleasing depiction of a woman.

Literacy instruction that uses the whole language approach is an example of a bottom-up reading model. 

By the toddler stage, the number of words in a child’s receptive vocabulary is relatively equal to the number of words intheir expressive vocabulary. 

In preschool, squiggles and letter-like forms are wonderful writing products for children to create.

Teachers must create directive word-learning contexts for every word children encounter in the classroom.

Toddlers’ early literacy development is directly tied to their third-grade student literacy outcomes. 

Children’s phases of writing development are influenced by the quantity and quality of opportunities to interact with printmaterial. 

Providing explicit instruction on word meanings in kindergarten is developmentally appropriate.

Music with repetitive lyrics and rhyming refrains will support children’s early phonological awareness

Infants cannot contribute to conversations until their expressive language includes more than a handful of words.