In hypertension, what do natriuretic peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide, B type natriuretic peptide BNP and C type natriuretic peptide CNP promote?

A 40-year-old non-smoker presents with progressive dyspnea and hyperinflated lungs on imaging. A genetic test reveals an alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. Which of the following best explains this patient’s condition?

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death for men and women of all ethnicities and socio-economic backgrounds. Which of the following factors is least likely to increase the risk of MI?

Which of the following histone modifications would most likely increase gene expression?

What is the primary reason venous insufficiency is more common in older adults?

Which clinical feature is most consistent with a lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion?

A 65-year-old man presents with dizziness and fatigue. His ECG reveals sinus bradycardia with a heart rate of 45 bpm. He reports no chest pain or dyspnea. Which physiological mechanism most likely accounts for his bradycardia?

Which elements are found in carbohydrates? 

Why is a programmed death pathway necessary for optimal body function? 

A 70-year-old man with hypertension and diabetes presents with stepwise cognitive decline, sudden worsening after strokes, and focal neurological deficits. He has insight into his deficits. Which diagnosis is most likely?