When children learn language, they first develop basic skills, like cooing and babbling, and are often rewarded for using these skills. As their skills evolve they are no longer rewarded for babbling, but instead must demonstrate more sophisticated skills like using words and complete sentences. This evolution of language skills best fits with with which of the following learning concepts?

After Wayne’s history professor penalizes Wayne for submitting an assignment late, Wayne stops turning in work late – but only for that particular professor. Wayne’s behavior best demonstrates which drawback of using punishment?

Which of the following types of long-term memories is considered explicit?

Andy encourages himself to study by taking a “video game break” for every 45-minutes he spends studying. His strategy makes use of which reinforcement schedule?

Keith was recently in a car accident in which he suffered a severe concussion. After the accident he had difficulty recalling events that had occurred before the accident.  Keith is suffering from:

Andy earns a free flight for every 1,000 miles he flies.  Such programs rely on which reinforcement schedule?

Andy listens to the same radio station every morning because they give away prizes. He never knows how long he’ll have to listen before he can call in and win. Thus, these contests demonstrate which reinforcement schedule?

Whenever Sahela swears in front of her parents, her parents put her on time-out. However, if her parents aren’t around, she can swear without getting in trouble. Thus, she frequently swears in their absence, but not when they are present. Sahela’s behavior best demonstrates which drawback of using punishment?

Janet learned MLA formatting in high school, and now, as a psychology major, she is expected to learning APA formatting. The better she gets at APA formatting, she finds it harder to recall the previous knowledge of the MLA style, demonstrating:

J.J. notices that the more he studies for an exam, the more confident he feels going into the exam.  Consequently, he starts studying more, because his behavior of studying is being: