Quid pro quo sexual harassment occurs when a harasser creates an abusive or intimidating work environment but does not engage in sexual activity.

Maria is a brown-skinned Latina who works the morning shift as a waitress at the Allen Diner. Maria is later assigned the night shift, and Juliana, a light-skinned Latina who is a new employee at the diner, replaces Maria in the morning shift. When Maria complains to the manager that according to the company’s policy, only new employees who are in training are assigned night shifts, the manager says that he would be willing to reconsider his decision if Maria can improve her complexion. Which of the following holds true in this scenario?

Even if a hospital’s male orderlies and female aides perform substantially the same job, under the Equal Pay Act, they do not need to receive the same pay because of the difference in job titles.

Carl has been working as a sales executive with All Fame Cosmetics Inc. for more than a year. His work has been appreciated by his seniors and he regularly meets his sales targets. However, he has not received any incentive or commission that was promised to him by his employer during his preemployment interview. If Carl decides to file a case against All Fame Cosmetics, he has:

In an employment discrimination case, the ultimate burden of persuasion remains always on the defendant.

The dress code for Scorpion Cosmetics requires all employees to report to work in uniforms. The policy also states that female employees are required to wear makeup. However, the only requirement for men is that they keep their hair and nails trimmed. Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, female employees at Scorpion Cosmetics probably:

Mary, a white woman, is married to an African-American man and has a biracial son. She works as a counselor for a large private school. One day, Mary’s husband and son stop by the school to pick her up after work. A few days later, Mary is fired from her job without any reasonable cause. Mary believes that the termination is based on her employer’s reaction to her husband and son. Thus, Mary has a claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 based on:

An American employer in a country whose customs do not permit women to deal with men professionally is not required to comply with the gender discrimination portions of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Bob studied voice, opera, and Jewish liturgical music at the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. After he graduated, he applied for a job as a cantor to lead prayer services at a synagogue in Plano. The synagogue refused to consider him for the job because he is not Jewish. If Bob files an employment discrimination claim against the synagogue, the synagogue can:

An independent contractor must pay all employment-related taxes on his or her own.