How much energy is created or destroyed in an energy pyramid?

To support colonization of Mars, food will need to be grown.  A variety of plants, grown in greenhouses, will support the human population.  Plants will convert energy onto chemical energy.

  Cigarette smoking is addictive.  

As thermal energy is exhausted to the Martian atmosphere from the buildings of the colony, it is initially concentrated around the exhaust ports.   Which of the two systems below best depicts this initial condition? (Recall that each arrow represents an atom or molecule and the length of the arrow correlates to the amount of thermal energy it contains, or the speed of its motion)

A certain element is composed of two isotopes, having the mass and abundance shown below.  What is the average atomic mass unit (amu) for this element?     Mass  Abundance Isotope 1:  6.0 amu      7.59% Isotope 2:  7.0 amu     92.41% (Hint: Atomic mass = Σ(mass of isotope)(abundance of isotope))

Form a sentence that correctly uses ‘heat’ in it with reference to the human Martian and the Martian atmosphere as night begins. 

Many missions have looked for evidence of past life on Mars.  Some scientists maintain that not only did life exist on Mars in the past, it still exists today, likely hidden away under the surface.  If you were to be making observations of potential living things on Mars, what are three characteristics of living things would you look for? Identify and describe each.

An atom that loses an electron is _______.

From an energy standpoint, why might it be better to feed the plants directly to the colonizers, rather than feeding animals the plants which the colonizers would then eat?

An atom that gains an electron is _______.