An x-ray tube emits 1014 photons per second. The x-ray is assumed to contain only 50-keV photons and irradiates a 0.2-mm-thick tissue sample for 0.2 second. The HVL of the sample is 0.8 cm, and the energy absorption coefficient of the sample is 0.1 cm−1 for 50-keV photons.

An X-ray containing 6,336 photons strikes through 6 HVL’s of a material. How many photons are left?

Filters may be used to reduce the low-energy (

A processed film with optical density (OD) of 0.2 is placed over another film with OD of 0.1. The resulting total OD is

The probability of Compton scattering depends on the effective atomic number of tissues.

An x-ray tube requires high vacuum to achieve good thermal conductivity for cooling the anode.

High detective quantum efficiency is desired for flat-panel digital detectors in X-ray imaging.

Characteristic x-ray radiation has a continuous spectrum.

Compton scattering may cause reduction of an x-ray beam intensity passing through a patient.

X-ray angiography may be utilized to investigate diseases such as stenosis and clotting of arteries and veins.