ESSAY: CORTISOL Explain the role of cortisol in the long-term stress response. Your response should demonstrate a clear understanding of the main role (or goal) played by cortisol in the long-term stress response, as well as a detailed and logical discussion of the specific targets of cortisol and the effects of cortisol on each of these targets.  (You should not include a description of the process leading to the secretion of cortisol.)

Bony fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and jawless fishes share many characteristics, but not all. Which of the following is NOT found in all 3 groups of fishes?

FILL-IN: Birds, other reptiles, and spiders excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of a thick, pasty substance that doesn’t dissolve easily in water. This form of nitrogenous waste is called: _____.

ESSAY: SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION AT A CHEMICAL SYNAPSE Explain the transmission of an excitatory signal across a chemical synapse between two neurons.  A step-by-step explanation (list format) is acceptable, but each step should be explained logically, with sufficient detail, and in your own words. Begin your explanation with an action potential occurring in the synaptic terminal of the pre-synaptic neuron.  Describe each event involved in causing an excitatory signal to be transmitted from the pre-synaptic neuron to the post-synaptic neuron.    Conclude when a new action potential has been generated in the postsynaptic neuron.  Also include a brief discussion of what happens to the excess/used neurotransmitter.  

FILL-IN: The pancreas secretes the hormone ________ in order to reduce the amount of glucose in the blood.  Spell carefully.

Which of the following physiological responses is part of the short-term stress response but NOT part of the long-term stress response?

In a math class there are 55 students, 40 of whom make an A on the test. If 4 students are selected, one at a time, at random, what is the probability that all made an A on the test?

Assume that the finishing times for a group of runners in a marathon race are likely to be normally distributed. The mean finish time for female marathon runners is 306.4 min with a standard deviation of 39.1 min. Suppose a female runner has a time of 138.95 find the z-score of the runner.

How many different ways can a college select three applicants for a teaching position from a pool of 20 applicants?

The grades on a college math exam are shown in a stem-and-leaf display below. What is the lowest grade?