Which of the following conditions will appear hyperlucent with retrosternal space on a chest x- ray? I.  Atelectasis II. Pneumothorax III. Pneumonia IV. emphysema V.  Acute asthma a. I,II and III only    b. II, III, and  IV     c.  II, III, IV and V     d.  II, IV and V only  

Which of the following statements are true of alveolar overdistension / hyperinflation ? a.  It can be identified by assessing pressure / volume waveform b.  It appears as ” beaking ” deformity on pressure / volume loop c.  If not corrected can lead to barotrauma, VILI and pneumothorax d.  Can be corrected by decreasing tidal volume on Volume control ventilation and decreasing the PIP ( peak inspiratory pressure) on pressure control mode of ventilation e.  All of the above statements are true

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a set rate of 15/min. The inspiratory time is 0.8 second. What is the expiratory time?  What is the I:E ratio? A. 3.2 seconds; 1:4 B. 2.8 seconds; 1:1 C. 2.4 seconds; 1:2 D. 4.2 seconds; 1:3

Assessment reveals: Positive color change in the colorimetric capnometer No positive pressure sounds in the stomach Unilateral chest rise to the right Absent breathsounds to the left Condensation present in the ETT   What should be done now?   Choose only ONE

Which of the following types of waveforms may be used to determine if a leak is present in a ventilator – patient system? a.  volume / time b.  pressure/ volume loop c.  flow/ volume loop d.  all of the above can be used to determine a leak

What literary work by Wordsworth and Coleridge started the Romantic Literary movement?

Which of the following best describes the difference between V/Q mismatch and shunt when supplemental oxygen is administered? A. Both will respond equally well. B.  V/Q mismatch will respond well but shunt will not. C. V/Q  mismatch will not respond but shunt will respond well. D. Neither will respond to the administration of supplemental oxygen.

Ventilator waveforms can be used to identify which of the following problems/ abnormalities? I.   Patient trigger/ inspiratory effort II.  adequacy of peak inspiratory flow rates III. airway resistance IV. air leak / auto peep   a.  I, II and III only   b.  I and II only    c.  II, III, and IV only    d.  I, II, III, and IV

A patient is on 24% venturi mask running at 2 lpm what is the total flow delivered to the patient?

Hypoxemia can be caused by which of the following? I. diffusion impairment II. alveolar hypoventilation III.  V/Q mismatch IV. intrapulmonary shunting   A. I, II, and III B. I, III, and IV C. I, II, III, and IV D. II, III, and IV