A pt comes to the ED with respiratory distress, they have used their rescue respiratory medications at home but they weren’t helping.  The blood gas results are as follows: pH 7.36 PaCo2 55 PaO2 70 HCO3 29 Which of the following is true for this pt? I. this pt should be placed on a bipap at 14/8 with 40% Fio2 II. the pt is in acute respiratory failure type II III. this pt is a chronic CO2 retainer

What is the cause of the change from pressure-volume loop A to pressure-volume loop B during volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV)?

You are walking past a room with a pt being mechanically ventilated and you notice the high peak airway pressure alarm keeps sounding.  You notice that they are not getting their tidal volumes yet you notice the pt is more awake than before.  Which of the following is most likely the problem?

A 34 year old patient with congestive heart failure is in the ICU receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation by mask.  The settings and ABG results are below: IPAP 14 cmH20 EPAP 5 cmH20 RR 12 pH 7.29  PaCO2 51  PaO2 63  HCO3 23 Which of the following should be recommended to improve the patient’s ventilatory status?

An 87-kg male patient, orally intubated with a size 7.5 mm inner diameter (ID) endotracheal tube, is being mechanically ventilated in the pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) mode. During patient rounds, both the low pressure and low volume alarms are sounding persistently on the ventilator. Upon observation of the patient, the respiratory therapist hears murmuring from the patient, with audible sounds during inspiration. The respiratory therapist notes the position of the endotracheal tube is 21 cm at the gum line, measures the cuff pressure, and adds 3 mL of air to the cuff. To make an appropriate seal, it requires 44 cm H2O. The respiratory therapist should do which of the following?

Which of the following is true regarding the measurement of the VC in the ICU? I. measured value depends on pt position and effort II. it reflects the ventilatory reserve of the pt III. a value of less than 10 to 15 mL/kg suggests respiratory failure

What size suction catheter is appropriate for use in a patient with a 7 mm ETT?

In individuals with healthy lungs the difference between end tidal PCO2 and arterial PCO2 ranges between 2 to 5 mmHg, and can provide an estimate of PaCO2.  

A 31-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. The paramedics brought her into the ER in respiratory distress. She was intubated in the field and started on mechanical ventilation as soon as she arrived. Breath sounds were clear on the left and absent on the right. Percussion revealed resonance on the left and hyperresonance on the right. The patient’s trachea was shifted to the left. The most likely cause of this patient’s clinical presentation is which of the following?

Edi Signal reflects what physiological parameter?