In order to prevent chronic lung disease of prematurity, all of the following measures can be effective EXCEPT:

For a patient standing upright, in which region of the lung is the PAO2 greatest?

  8. Read the article and answer the question which follows (5)   What do you think of schools during Victorian England? Write a short paragraph of no more than 75 words comparing schools of today to the schools mentioned in the reading. You should mention: 1.     Who attended schools in the past and compare it to schools today, (2) 2.     How boys and girls were treated and how they are treated today, (2) 3.     What kind of teaching Victorian children received and how teaching is different today. (1)     Schools in Victorian Britain          At the start of Queen Victoria’s reign, only a few children attended school. Most poor children worked, and their earnings were an important part of the family income. By going to school, their families would lose this money.      There were village schools in some parts of the country, which were run by the church, or small ‘Dame’ schools, usually run by one woman. ‘Dame’ schools were often more about childcare than learning. Sadly, some places which called themselves ‘schools’ were actually workshops. The children would be used for cheap labour, making lace or plaiting straw.      In many big towns, there were Ragged schools, set up by people like Dr Barnardo who cared about the children.                As well as gaining an education, they would be fed and cared for. In 1870, the Education Act was passed, which said there had to be a school in every town and village, meaning that all children had to go to school.           Boys and girls went into school through separate doors, sat in separate rows and were taught separately. The rules of the class were extremely strict. Pupils were hit with canes if they misbehaved. The children write on slates with slate pencils and spent lots of time copying from the blackboard.           In class, the teacher sat at the front. There were maps, books, a bible, a globe, an abacus, and Queen Victoria’s picture on the wall. Boys learned science, woodwork, technology and extra maths. Girls learned sewing and housework. They both learned reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic and drill.  

This image is from an autopsy lung from a 34 yo male.  Which of the following is the most likely underlying disorder in this patient?

3.1. Around 2500 1. A.D./B.C, the people who built and used Stonehenge probably lived at Durrington Walls (1)

1. Choose the correct word from the word box (5)   Click on the blue button below to open the image   Click on the blue button above to open the word box    

9.3.  How did the war start? (1)

A 17-year-old female visited the clinic complaining of shortness of breath. She had a history of frequent infections during childhood. Physical examination revealed that respiratory sounds were absent in the left hemithorax. Routine blood and biochemical test values were within normal limits. Chest radiography revealed that mediastinal structures, trachea, and heart were deviated to the left and the right hemidiaphragm was elevated (see figure). Abnormal development of which of the following best explains the clinical findings in this patient? 

2.5 Name one reason why so many Roman women died at the age of thirty? Name any one reason. (1)

A 36 yo woman is in a motor vehicle accident and suffers both a chest injury and severe blood loss, due to the severing of her left arm. She survives, but on the 3rd hospital day her PaO2 drops significantly and her chest radiograph shows complete white-out. A lung biopsy reveals the following:  The most likely diagnosis is: