injection.

A nurse is assessing a patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and notices that the patient’s left cheek is twitching, The patient reports feeling anxious and irritable. Which electrolyte disturbance should the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? 

Prophylactic measures that are routinely used as early as possible in HIV infection to prevent opportunistic and debilitating secondary problems include administration of:  

The patient with CKD is receiving dialysis, and the nurse observes excoriations on the patient’s skin. What pathophysiology changes in CKD can contribute to this finding (Select all that apply).

A patient was admitted with an infection that had to be treated with an aminoglycoside antibiotic. After a few days, the patient developed oliguria and elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. The patient’s vital signs are stable. The nurse would anticipate the physician ordering which method of dialysis? 

A patient is admitted with sepsis and acute kidney injury (AKI). The patient is started on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The nurse knows the fluid that is removed each hour is charted as what on the CRRT flowsheet? 

To prevent the most common, serious, complication of peritoneal dialysis, what is important for the nurse to do? 

What is the most appropriate snack for the nurse to offer a patient with stage 4 CKD?

A patient is admitted with prerenal AKI. The physician orders continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The nurse understands the clinical indication for the selection of this method of hemodialysis is which of the following? 

A dehydrated patient is in the injury stage of the RIFLE staging of AKI. What would the nurse first anticipate in the treatment of this patient?