What is the term for abnormal stretching or dilation in the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart?

A 63 year old female presents to her primary care physician for an annual physical.  Her only complaint is occasional backpain and fatigue.  A musculoskeletal exam demonstrates weakness with plantarflexion on the right.  Assuming the weakness is a result of a disc herniation, which spinal nerve may be compressed?

A 42 year old male is shot with a nail gun during a construction accident.  The nail penetrates the left posterior triangle of the neck.  Exam demonstrates weakness in shrugging his left shoulder and turning his head to the right.  Which of the following nerves was most likely damaged?

A smooth, enlarged prostate is palpated on a digital rectal exam.  PSA is within normal limits.  What is the most likely diagnosis?

The liver produces the most common protein found in plasma: albumin.  Albumin is a large protein that does not cross the vessel wall, but rather stays in the blood.  When a person is in liver failure, albumin production decreases dramatically in the blood.  Based on what you know about concentration gradients, in which direction will water flow during liver failure?

When studying pathophysiology, you learn that the breakdown of dynamic equilibrium within the body results in disease.  What is the scientific term for “dynamic equilibrium?

Which mineral is necessary for thyroid hormone production?

What is the most common cause of a UTI?

If an adult male is on a reduced-calorie diet and trying to build muscle, he should consume protein above the normal recommended range.

Which disease is the leading cause of blindness, below-the knee amputations, and chronic renal failure in the United States?