Currently, when testing in the community, the CDC COVID-19 PCR screening test is estimated to correctly identify 70% to 80% of all true COVID-19 positive individuals.  What does this statement relative to?   

Policies, procedures, and threshold levels of a screening test should be determined in advance to establish who should be referred for further testing, diagnostics and possible treatment. Once these are determined in at least one study population, the screening test can be administered on any population in the world.

Many large community intervention studies often use cluster sampling.

The unexposed group (comparison group) should be as similar as possible to the exposed group in a cohort study. This is why researchers used randomization at the start of the study.

Very small trials to determine the safety and safe dose of an experimental drug are what kind of trials:

Post marketing surveillance refers to what kind of trial?

Non-compliance in taking treatment or control group medications in clinical trials will increase the statistical power to detect a difference in treatments.

The figure shown above is an example of what kind of randomized controlled trial design?

Researchers at the Novo Nordisk Pharmaceutical Company are interested in determining the effectiveness of a new (untested) long-acting insulin for type 1 diabetes treatment. In the study, is it ethical to use a placebo?

In disease screening, the “detectable preclinical phase” refers to: