Read the following abstract from a journal article and identify the level of measurement for the independent variable: “We examine the relative pay of occupations involving care, such as teaching, counseling, providing health services, or supervising children. We use panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth covering workers between 17 and 35 years of age. Care work pays less than other occupations after controlling for the education and employment experience of the workers, many occupation and industry characteristics, and … unmeasured, stable characteristics of those who hold the jobs.” Paula England, Michelle Budig, Nancy Folbre, Wages of Virtue: The Relative Pay of Care Work, Social Problems, Volume 49, Issue 4, 1 November 2002, Pages 455–473,

Work out the following problem by hand and show that each of the following arguments is valid using a natural deduction proof in FOL. Upload a photo of your work. \( \forall x (Lx \rightarrow Gx), \quad \exists x Lx \quad \therefore \quad \exists x Gx \)

Work out the following problem by hand and prove the following. Upload a photo of your work. \( \exists x , \quad Ka \quad \therefore \quad \exists x (Bx \land x = a) \)

Evaluate the limit  first by using techniques from Chapter 1 then by using L’Hopital’s Rule. ​

True or False: The function  is one-to-one on its entire domain. ​

According to Tocqueville, which of the following is an inevitable source of dogmatic belief in every society?

For Nietzsche, all human meaning takes the form of:

What is Nietzsche’s critique of the rationalism of the Enlightenment?

What was Marx’s critique of bourgeois morality and bourgeois freedom?

What is Rousseau’s political solution to the problem of modern civilization?