If your model has heteroskedastic error terms,  what should be done?

When we “scale down” our data from too many zeros (like billions or trillions value), it will:

The critical value for a given p-value in the F-distribution depends on the degrees of freedom in the numerator and denominator.  How do you find the degrees of freedom?

The log-log function, ln(y) = β1 + β2 ln(x), is widely used to describe demand equations and production functions for the following reasons, but NOT: 

6) Given the paper we discussed by Truman and Riddiford, please clearly state both their hypothesis for the evolution of the holometabolous lifecycle in insects and the alternate hypothesis with respect to life stage homology with hemimetabola – make sure to list all equivalent life stages. (8 pts)

11) Compare and contrast ionotropic ion channels and metabotropic ion channels. Name one ionotropic sodium channel you were exposed to in class (8 pts).

13) When thinking about the previous question about the beetle biological control agents, pick one of your three hypothetical mechanisms of olfaction and design a series of experimental tests to determine whether your proposed mechanism is important or not. Please make sure to properly describe your experiments including the hypothesis tested, approach, and predictions. I would like you to use both the newly derived mutant line that cannot smell host plants even though they can smell pheromones and the old colony of beetles that can smell host plants to test this hypothesis. Furthermore, I wish you to explicitly use RNAi as one tool in these experiments and the Gal4/UAS system as another tool in this series of hypothesis tests. Make sure to also include specific predictions and proper controls. (15 pts)  

 The collapse of GLF and the break with Soviet Union in 1960s, prompted the …. through 1970:

Sébastien, quand est-ce que tu choisis la musique? Maman, Julien et moi la musique hier!

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with severe sepsis who was resuscitated with 3000 mL of lactated Ringer solution over the past 4 hours. Morning laboratory results show a hemoglobin of 8 g/dL and hematocrit of 28%. What is the best interpretation of these findings by the nurse?