A 45-year-old female patient with a history of hypertension…

A 45-year-old female patient with a history of hypertension presents with complaints of shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in her legs. Diagnostic tests revealed an enlarged heart, systolic dysfunction, but normal diastole. What additional finding would you expect to observe in this patient?

A patient in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) is diagn…

A patient in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) is diagnosed with sepsis and severe hypoxemia. After 17 days in the MICU, his condition has not improved, and a repeat chest X-ray shows significant changes in lung architecture with worsening gas exchange. Which of the following pathophysiological changes is most likely contributing to his ongoing hypoxemia at this stage?

A 52-year-old male with a 40-pack-year smoking history prese…

A 52-year-old male with a 40-pack-year smoking history presents to the clinic with a chronic cough, unexplained weight loss, and recent onset of digital clubbing. His oxygen saturation is 88% on room air. A chest X-ray reveals a suspicious mass in the right upper lobe. Which of the following is the most likely underlying condition causing the patient’s clubbing?