Some axons in the Central Nervous System are covered by a myelin sheath, which helps electrical signals move more quickly adn efficiently.

There is no scientific evidence that fetuses engage in any meaningful and purposeful behavior prior to birth.

Use the information that follows to answer this question and the next. The following short term goal was written in Rick’s initial PT evaluation: “Walk with LBQC to get to the toilet.” Using the ABCDE+F format, identify all of the missing or partially missing components of this goal (2 points):

According to Piaget’s theory, during the sensorimotor period, infants show primarily reflexive behaviors at birth, and then develop the capacity to carry out intentional behaviors and finally become able to think about the world via mental representations. 

You are working with your patient using a cognitive sensorimotor rehabilitation exercise. The patient’s task is to feel the position where you placed his weak arm (patient’s eyes are closed), and then move his other arm in the same position on the other side. On the third trial of this exercise, he did not position his arm correctly. Using the principles of cognitive sensorimotor rehabilitation, what is your most appropriate response?

Considering Betsaida and Rick’s clinical presentations, compare and contrast how you would approach their treatment sessions in terms of environment, maximizing their learning, etc. What would be the same? What would be different? (1 point each, 2 points)

Connections between neurons which are rarely used are gradually eliminated to improve organization and efficiency of nueral relationships.  This process is called Synaptic Pruning.  

BJ sustained a TBI after a skateboarding accident. He feels he does not need to be in the hospital, and becomes angry when his family and the nursing staff are attempting to calm him down. He is very focused on returning home. He is able to perform physical activities without difficulty, but you notice that when the task is unfamiliar he becomes disoriented and verbally abusive. How would you go about treating BJ?

History: Betsaida is a 74 y/o Latinx female s/p R CVA 6 weeks ago.  After being medically stabilized, she was in inpatient rehab for 10 days and participated in therapy actively during that time.  She discharged to her daughter’s home so her daughter and son-in-law could assist her as needed, but eventually intends to return to her home.  She was discharged with a tub bench, wheelchair, LBQC, and an articulating L AFO. She now presents for outpatient PT evaluation.  PMH: HTN, DM II, hypercholesterolemia, h/o cataract removal 2013 (current vision 20/70), OA R knee, presbycusis (wears hearing aids) Medications: Glipizide, Zocor, Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide, Neurontin. Social History: Was married for 52 years, now a widow. Prior to her stroke, pt lived in a single level apartment with thick carpet.  She enjoys spending time with her family, and traveling to visit national parks. She is a retired administrative assistant. Current Level of Function: Pt is residing at her daughter’s house. There are no stairs to enter, but there are 14 stairs to get to the second floor. The family has arranged the living room with a twin bed for Betsaida to sleep in for the time being. She uses the downstairs half bathroom for toileting but needs assistance getting upstairs for bathing. She has expressed being fearful of falling because she feels unsteady on her feet. Pain: 2/10 in right knee and 3/10 in bilateral feet due to diabetic neuropathy. Cognition/Communication:  Impaired memory, mild left neglect, early signs of dementia. Patient Goals: “I want to return to living in my own home.  I want to be able to get up, use the bathroom, take a shower, and walk by myself.”     Based on this information alone, list 6 of Betsaida’s risk factors for falls (1/2 point each, 3 points total – if more than 6 are listed, only the first 6 responses will be graded):

The next two questions pertain to this case example: Your patient, Lonnie, is a 29 y/o male (he/him) who sustained a C7 AIS A SCI in a boating accident.  He has made friends with another patient on the rehab unit, Sam, a 25 y/o male (he/him) who sustained a C5 AIS A SCI in a car accident.  Describe 1) what the head-hips relationship is and 2) how you would use it in Lonnie’s treatment sessions (2 points):